Ἑρμηνεία στὴν περικοπὴ τῶν Πέντε Ἄρτων

Anthony Bloom (Metropolitan of Sourozh (1914- 2003))

Εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς και του Υἱοῦ και τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος

Χρόνο μὲ τὸ χρόνο καὶ ἀπὸ γενιὰ σὲ γενιὰ διαβάζουμε τὸ Εὐαγγέλιο σὲ νέα πλαίσια και ὑπὸ τὸ πρῖσμα σημερινῶν καταστάσεων, εἴτε εἶναι προσωπικὲς ἤ ἱστορικὲς. Καὶ κάθε φορὰ τὸ ἕνα ἤ τὸ ἄλλο ἐδάφιο μπορεῖ μὲ διαφορετικὸ τρόπο νὰ προκαλεῖ τὴν προσοχή μας.

Σήμερα διαβάσαμε τὴν περικοπὴ γιὰ τὸν χορτασμὸ τοῦ πλήθους ἀπὸ τὸν Χριστὸ. Καὶ πιὸ συχνὰ ἔχουμε διαβάσει στὰ κείμενα τῶν Πατέρων καὶ σὲ πνευματικοὺς συγγραφεῖς γιὰ τὸ αἴσθημα τῆς κατάπληξης στὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τῆς δύναμης ποὺ μποροῦσε νὰ θρέψει τόσους πολλοὺς μὲ τόσο λίγα, ποὺ πράγματι κάνει θαύματα σ’ ἕναν κόσμο τόσο πολὺ ἀποξενωμένο ἀπὸ Ἐκεῖνον, ὅταν μοναχὰ μιὰ ὑποψία πίστης, μιὰ ρωγμὴ στὴν ἁρματωσιὰ τῆς ἀπιστίας μας θὰ τοῦ ἐπέτρεπε νὰ ἐνεργήσει.

Καὶ σήμερα διαβάζοντας τὴν Εὐαγγελικὴ περικοπὴ μὲ ξάφνιασαν ξανὰ τὰ λόγια τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οἱ μαθητὲς του κάνουν ἔκκληση νὰ διώξει τὰ πλήθη, ἐπειδὴ ἡ μέρα ἔφθασε στὸ τέλος της, ἐπειδὴ ἡ ἀπόσταση ἀπὸ τὸ μέρος ποὺ βρίσκονται μέχρι τὰ γειτονικὰ χωριὰ εἶναι μεγάλη, ἡ κούραση καὶ τὸ σκοτάδι θα τοὺς καταβάλλουν ἐὰν παραμείνουν ἐκεῖ περισσότερο. Καὶ ὅμως, ἔμειναν χωρὶς φαγητὸ μιὰ ὁλόκληρη μέρα, ἀκούγοντας τὸν ζωηφόρο λόγο τοῦ Χριστοῦ.

Καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς λέει στοὺς μαθητὲς: Ὄχι, δὲν χρειάζεται νὰ φύγουν· δῶστε τους ἐσεῖς νὰ φᾶνε.. Πῶς μποροῦν νὰ θρέψουν ἕνα πλῆθος τόσο μεγάλο; Χιλιάδες ἄνδρες, γυναῖκες, παιδιὰ, ἐνῶ τὸ μόνο ποὺ ἔχουν εἶναι πέντε ψωμιὰ καὶ δύο ψάρια. Καὶ ἐδῶ εἶναι ἡ πρόκληση ποὺ ἀπευθύνει ὁ Χριστὸς σ’ ἐκείνους καὶ σ’ ἐμᾶς. Ναί - ὁ Θεὸς μπορεῖ νὰ πραγματοποιήσει αὐτὸ τὸ θαῦμα· ἀλλὰ ὄχι ἄν δὲν συμβάλλουμε σ’ αὐτὸ ἁπλόχερα καὶ μ’ ἀνοιχτὴ καρδιὰ. Δὲν εἶπε στοὺς μαθητὲς Του: Κρατῆστε ὅσο περισσότερα τρόφιμα μπορεῖτε γιὰ σᾶς, καὶ δῶστε τὰ ὑπόλοιπα, ὅ,τι ἀπέμεινε στοὺς ἄλλους. Τοὺς λέει: Πᾶρτε ὅ,τι ἔχετε καὶ δῶστε τα ὅλα…

Αὐτὸ δὲν μᾶς λέει ὁ Χριστὸς, μὲ πολὺ ἰδιαίτερο τρόπο, σὲ ἐποχές ποὺ εἴμαστε τόσο ἀσφαλεῖς, τόσο πλούσιοι, καὶ ὅταν καθημερινὰ ἀκοῦμε γιὰ πείνα, δυστυχία, γιὰ θάνατο ἀπὸ ἀσιτία ἑκατοντάδων ἀνθρώπων. Καὶ αὐτὸ ποὺ ἁπλὰ μᾶς λέει ὁ Θεὸς εἶναι: δῶστε ὅ,τι μπορεῖτε καὶ ἄφηστε με μετὰ νὰ ἐνεργήσω· μὴν μοῦ ζητᾶτε νὰ κάνω ἕνα θαῦμα, ἐνῶ μπορεῖτε νὰ τὸ κάνετε μόνοι σας.

Οἱ Ἀπόστολοι μποροῦσαν νὰ κάνουν λίγα πράγματα· μποροῦσαν νὰ μοιράσουν πέντε ἅρτους καὶ δύο ψάρια· ἀλλὰ ἐμεῖς μποροῦμε νὰ μοιράσουμε τόσα πολλὰ! Ἐὰν οἱ καρδιὲς μας ἦταν ἀνοιχτὲς, ὁ Θεὸς θὰ ἔκανε τὶς πέτρινες καρδιές μας καρδιὲς ζωντανές, ἄν εἴχαμε μάθει τὶ σημαίνει νὰ εἴμαστε γενναιόδωροι καὶ ὑπεύθυνοι ὁ ἕνας πρὸς τὸν ἄλλον, ἄν εἴχαμε μάθει λίγο, τόσο λίγο! – ν’ ἀγαπᾶμε στὴν πράξη τὸν πλησίον μας, τότε δὲν θὰ ὑπῆρχε πείνα στὸν κόσμο.

Καὶ αὐτὸ ποὺ μᾶς λέει σήμερα το Εὐαγγέλιο, εἶναι , «κοιτᾶξτε γύρω σας»· σὲ κάθε πρόσωπο ποὺ πεινάει, ποὺ δὲν ἔχει στέγη, ποὺ βρίσκεται σὲ ἀνάγκη καὶ θυμηθεῖτε ὅτι καθένα ἀπὸ αὐτὰ τὰ πρόσωπα εἶναι δική σας εὐθύνη, ἡ πείνα τους, ἡ ἔλλειψη στέγης, ἡ δυστυχία τους εἶναι ἀποτέλεσμα τοῦ πλούτου, τῆς ἄνεσης, καὶ τῆς ἄρνησής σας νὰ μοιραστεῖτε, νὰ προσφέρετε, ὄχι νὰ δώσετε περισσότερο ἀπ’ ὅ,τι ἔχετε -ἁπλὰ νὰ δώσετε.

Ἄν μοναχὰ θυμόμασταν, καθὼς ἕνας Ἅγιος, τοῦ ὁποίου τὸ ὄνομα δὲν θυμᾶμαι τώρα, γράφει σ’ ἕνα κείμενό του, ὅτι ὅποτε τρώει μιὰ μπουκιὰ ποὺ δὲν τοῦ εἶναι ἀπαραίτητη, ὅποτε ἀποκτᾶ ἥ κατέχει ὁ,τιδήποτε πέρα ἀπὸ τὶς ἀπόλυτες ἀνάγκες του, τὸ κλέβει ἀπὸ τοὺς πεινασμένους, ἀπὸ τοὺς ἄστεγους, ἀπὸ αὐτοὺς ποὺ δὲν ἔχουν ροῦχα – εἶναι κλέφτης.

Δὲν ἀπευθύνεται ἀκριβῶς αὐτὸ σὲ μᾶς ἀπ’ ὅτι στὸν ἀσκητή;

Ἄς προβληματιστοῦμε, ἐπειδὴ συμπεριφέρομαστε σὰν ἀνόητοι, ἀνάξιοι οἰκονόμοι· ὑπάρχει κάτι παρόμοιο ὅπως ἡ διαχείριση τοῦ πλούτου- πνευματικοῦ, συναισθηματικοῦ, ἠθικοῦ καὶ ὑλικοῦ. Θυμᾶστε πιθανὸν τὴν ἱστορία τοῦ ἀνάξιου, ἀπίστου οἰκονόμου ποὺ γέλασε τὸν κύριο του, τὸν ἔκλεψε, καὶ ὅταν ἐπρόκειτο ν’ ἀπολυθεῖ ἐπειδὴ ὁ κύριος του ἀνακάλυψε τὴν ἀτιμία του,κάλεσε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποὺ τοῦ χρωστοῦσαν χρήματα καὶ μείωσε τὸ χρέος τους. Αὐτὸ εἶναι κάτι ποὺ θὰ μπορούσαμε νὰ μάθουμε. Στράφηκε στοὺς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἔδωσε ὅποια βοήθεια μποροῦσε· ἐμεῖς δὲν τὸ κάνουμε. Ἄς μᾶς προβληματίσουν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Χριστοῦ: Δὲν χρειάζεται νὰ φύγουν μακρυά μου γιὰ νὰ φᾶνε· δῶστε τους ὅ,τι χρειάζονται.. Καὶ ἄν κοιτάξουμε γύρω μας, ὄχι μακρυά, ἀλλὰ ἀκριβῶς δίπλα μας, τὶς ἀνάγκες τῶν ἀνθρώπων ποὺ πεινᾶνε, ποὺ εἶναι ἄστεγοι, ποὺ εἶναι στερημένοι ἀπὸ δικαιώματα, ἤ ἁπλὰ τοὺς γείτονες μας ποὺ εἶναι κάποιες φορὲς τόσο μοναχικοὶ, ποὺ χρειάζονται ἕναν λόγο παρηγοριᾶς, φιλία, ἀλληλεγγύη, θὰ μπορούσαμε νὰ κάνουμε πράξη τὴν ἐντολὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ.

Ἄς μὴν ξεγελιόμαστε, δὲν θὰ γίνει αὐτὸ μὲ λόγια παρηγοριᾶς, μ’ εὐγενικὲς χειρονομίες. Ὁ Χριστὸς εἶπε: Δῶστε ὅ,τι ἔχετε καὶ ἴσως θὰ πεῖ σὲ μᾶς ἐκτιμώντας τὴν λιγοστὴ πίστη ποὺ ἔχουμε, τὴν στενότητα καὶ τὴν σκληρότητα τῆς καρδιᾶς μας: Δῶστε ὅ,τι εἶναι περιττὸ στὴ ζωὴ σας, ὅ,τι ξοδεύετε γιὰ τὸν ἑαυτὸ σας χωρὶς νὰ χρειάζεται, δίχως ν’ ἀντλεῖται ἀπ’ αὐτὰ ἀληθινὴ χαρὰ καὶ ἱκανοποίηση- δῶστε τα καὶ τὸτε ἀφῆστε τὸ Θεὸ νὰ ὁλοκληρώσει τὸ δῶρο Του, νὰ κάνει τὰ ὑπόλοιπα.

Αὐτὴ εἶναι ἡ κρίση τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπάνω μου· εἶναι ἐπίσης τὸ κάλεσμα ποὺ ἀπευθύνει στὸν καθένα ἀπὸ σᾶς. Ἀμήν.


Ἀπόδοση Κειμένου: www.agiazoni.gr



Πρωτότυπο Κείμενο

Reading of the Five Loaves

13 August 1989

In the Name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.

We read the Gospel from year to year, and from generation to generation in new contexts, in the face of now situations, whether they are historical or personal. And every time, a passage or another may strike us in a new way.

Today we have read the passage about the feeding of the multitude by Christ. And more often than not I have read in the Fathers and in the spiritual writers their sense of wonder at the mercy of God and of the power of God Who could feed so many with so little, Who could indeed, work miracles within a world so much estranged from Him, when just a glimpse of faith, a crack in our armour of faithlessness allowed Him to act.

And reading today this passage of the Gospel I was struck anew with words of Christ. The disciples call upon Him to send away the multitudes, because the day is spent, distance from the place where they are to the neighbouring villages is great, tiredness will overcome them, and darkness, if they stay longer. And yet, they have not eaten a whole day, listening to the life-giving word of Christ.

And Christ says to the disciples: No, they need not depart; y o u give them to eat... How can they feed a multitude of that kind? A thousand men, women, children, and all they have is five loaves of bread and two fishes? And here is a challenge of Christ to them, and of Christ to us. Yes — in a way, God alone can perform this miracle; but not if we do not contribute with openness of heart, and with an open hand. He did not say to His disciples: Keep as much as you need for yourselves, and give the rest, your left-over to others. He says to them: Take all you have, and give it all...

Isn't it something which the Lord says to us n o w, in a very special way, in days where we are so secure, so rich, so opulent, and when we hear day after day of the hunger, the misery, the death indeed from starvation of thousands and thousands of people. And what the Lord says to us is simply: Give what you have and let Me act afterwards; do not ask Me to work a miracle where you could do the thing yourselves...

The Apostles could do little; they could share only five loaves and two fishes; but we can share so much! If our hearts were open, and from hearts of stone God had made hearts of flesh within us, if we had learned anything of generosity and of mutual responsibility, if we had learned a little, o, so little! — about loving our neighbour actively, there would be no hunger in the world.

And what this Gospel says to us today, is, ‘look round’; look round at every person who is hungry, every person who is homeless, every person who is in need, and r e m e m b e r that each of these persons is your own responsibility, that all their hunger, all their homelessness, all their misery is ultimately the result of you opulence, your comfort, your richness and your refusal to share, to give. Not to give beyond your means — just to give.

If we only remembered, as one Saint, whose name I can't recall now, says in one of his writings, that whenever he eats a morsel which is not a necessity, whenever he acquires or possesses anything beyond his strict needs, he has s t o l e n it from the hungry, s t o l e n it from the homeless, stolen it from the one who has no cloths — he is a thief.

Isn’t that addressed to us much more sharply than to this ascetic?

We must reflect on this, because we are behaving like bad, unworthy stewards; there i s such thing as stewardship of wealth — intellectual, emotional, moral and material. You remember probably the story of the unworthy, the unfaithful steward who had cheated his master, stolen from him, and when he was to be dismissed by his master who had discovered his dishonesty, he called the people who owed money to his master, and reduced their debt. This is something which we could learn. He turned to people, and gave whatever help he could; w e d o n o t. Let us reflect on these words of Christ: They need not depart from My presence to order to eat; give them you what they need... And if we looked round us, not far beyond but just round us at the needs of people who are hungry, who are homeless, who are deprived of rights, or simply our neighbours who are at times s o lonely, need a word of comfort, need friendship, solidarity, we would begin to fulfil this commandment of Christ.

But let us not deceive ourselves; it is not by words of consolation, by kind gestures that we will have fulfilled it. Christ said: Give all you have... and to us perhaps, taking into account the little faith which we have, and the narrowness and hardness of our heart, He will say: Give what is superfluous in your life — but give true thought to what is superfluous, to what you spend on yourself unnecessarily, without even deriving true joy and pleasure, an advantage from it — g i v e it, and then, leave it to God to fulfil the gift, to do the rest.

This is the judgement of God upon me; it is also the call of God addressed to each of you. Amen!