Φῶς τοῦ σώματος εἶναι ὁ ὀφθαλμός Anthony Metropolitan of Sourozh

Εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος.

Συναντᾶμε τὸν κόσμο, τὸν γνωρίζουμε μέσα ἀπὸ τὶς αἰσθήσεις μας· καὶ μὲ τὶς αἰσθήσεις δὲν ἔχουμε μόνο ἐπίγνωση τοῦ κόσμου, ἀλλά ὑπάρχουμε κιόλας σ’ αὐτόν. Ὅλες οἱ αἰσθήσεις μᾶς φέρνουν σὲ ἐπαφὴ μὲ τὸν κόσμο τῶν πραγμάτων γύρω μας, ἀλλὰ ἐπίσης μᾶς δημιουργοῦν ἄμεσα συναισθήματα καὶ ἐντυπώσεις ποὺ κάποιες φορὲς μᾶς ἀλλοιώνουν πολὺ βαθειά.



Ἡ ὅραση μας, γιὰ τὴν ὁποία μιλᾶ ὁ Κύριος στὸ Εὐαγγέλιο Του, εἶναι ὁ μόνος δρόμος ἀπὸ τὸν ὁποῖο μποροῦμε νὰ ἔχουμε ἐπίγνωση τοῦ κόσμου μὲ ἠρεμία, μὲ πλήρη κατάπαυση ὅλων τῶν δυνάμεων τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ ἐπίσης ὑπὸ τὴν προυπόθεση, ὅπως ὁ Κύριος τὸ θέτει, ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς μας νὰ εἶναι ἁπλός, νὰ εἶναι φῶς, ποὺ θὰ ἐπιτρέπει νὰ εἰσέρχεται στὴν συνείδηση μας μόνο τὸ φῶς.

Ἕνας ἀπὸ τοὺς σύγχρονους Ἄγγλους συγγραφεῖς μᾶς δίνει δύο εἰκόνες ποὺ πιστεύω θὰ μᾶς ἐπιτρέψουν νὰ κατανοήσουμε κάτι ἀπὸ αὐτὸ τὸ κείμενο τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου· στὸ μυθιστόρημα του “All Hallows’ Eves”, ὁ Τσάρλς Οΐλιαμς μᾶς παρουσιάζει μιὰ νέα γυναῖκα ποὺ πεθαίνει σ’ ἕνα ἀτύχημα, καί τῆς ὁποίας ἡ ψυχὴ σταδιακὰ βρίσκει τὸν δρόμο πρὸς ἕναν νέο κόσμο.

Βρίσκει τὸν ἑαυτὸ της νὰ στέκεται στίς ὄχθες τοῦ Τάμεση· κοιτᾶ τὰ νερά, καὶ ξαφνικὰ βλέπει τὰ νερὰ, ὅπως δὲν τὰ εἶχε δεῖ ποτὲ στὸ παρελθόν, ὅταν ἡ ψυχή της ἦταν ἕνα μὲ τὸ σῶμα· τότε ἔνοιωθε μιὰν ἀποστροφὴ γιὰ αὺτὰ τὰ μαῦρα, βρώμικα, γλοιώδη νερά, γιατὶ στὴν φαντασία της συνδέονταν ἄμεσα μὲ τὶς αἰσθήσεις καὶ τὶς ἐντυπώσεις.

Ἀλλά τώρα ἡ ψυχή της εἶναι ἐλεύθερη ἀπὸ τὸ σῶμα, καὶ κοιτάζει τὰ νερὰ τοῦ Τάμεση ἐλεύθερα, ὅπως εἶναι, σάν ἕνα γεγονός· βλέπει τὰ νερὰ σὰν αὐτὸ ποὺ θὰ ἔπρεπε νὰ εἶναι, τὰ νερὰ ἑνὸς ποταμοῦ, ποὺ διασχίζει μιὰ μεγάλη πόλη, μαζεύοντας ὅλη τὴν βρωμιά της καὶ παρασύροντάς την μακριά. Κι ἐπειδὴ δὲν νοιώθει πιὰ τὴν φυσικὴ ἀποστροφὴ τοῦ σώματος ποὺ εἶχε πρίν, οὔτε τῆς φαντασίας, ἡ ψυχὴ της, μέσα ἀπὸ τὴν ἀδιαφάνεια αὐτῶν τῶν νερῶν, μπορεῖ νὰ δεῖ σὲ αὐτὰ ἕνα νέο, ἀκόμα πιὸ καινούργιο βάθος· πιὸ βαθειὰ ἀπ’ αὐτὴν τὴν ἐπιφανειακὴ πυκνότητα, ἀνακαλύπτει ἕνα στρῶμα καθαρότερου νεροῦ, μιά ἡμιδιαφάνεια, καὶ πιὸ βαθιὰ - ἕνα διάφανο στρῶμα καὶ στὸν πυρήνα αὐτῶν τῶν νερῶν ποὺ διασχίζουν τὴν μεγάλη πόλη- κι αὐτή ἡ πόλη καλεῖται νὰ ὀνομαστεῖ μιὰ μέρα ἡ π ό λ η τοῦ Θεοῦ - βλέπει ἕνα ρεῦμα ἀπὸ ἀπίστευτα λαμπερὰ νερά· τὸ νερὸ τῆς αἰώνιας ζωῆς, τὸ ἀρχέγονο νερὸ τῆς δημιουργίας, τὸ νερὸ γιὰ τὸ ὁποῖο μίλησε ὁ Χριστός στὴν Σαμαρείτιδα. Ἐπειδή ἦταν ἐλεύθερη ἀπό κάθε προσωπικὴ ἀπέχθεια καὶ ἀντίδραση, ἡ νεκρὴ γυναῖκα μπόρεσε νὰ δεῖ μέσα ἀπὸ τὸ ἐπιφανειακὸ σκοτάδι, τὰ αὐξανόμενα στρώματα φωτός.

Ἐπειδὴ ἐμπλεκόμαστε συνεχῶς σὲ καταστάσεις ποὺ ἔχουν σὰν κέντρο τὸν ἑαυτό μας, καταφέρνουμε νὰ βλέπουμε μέσα ἀπὸ ἐπίπεδα φωτός, ἕνα σκοτάδι, τὸ ὁποῖο κάποιες φορές δημιουργοῦμε ἤ φανταζόμαστε· ἐπειδὴ τὸ βλέμμα μας εἶναι σκοτεινό, βλέπουμε σκοτάδι καὶ εἴμαστε ἀνίκανοι νὰ δοῦμε τὸ βάθος, τὴν διαύγεια καὶ τὴν λάμψη.

Μιάν ἄλλη εἰκόνα ποὺ βρίσκουμε στὸ ἴδιο βιβλίο εἶναι ἀκόμα πιὸ τραγική. Αὐτὴ ἡ νέα γυναῖκα βλέπει τὸν ἑαυτὸ της νὰ βρίσκεται σὲ μιὰ ἀπὸ τὶς μεγάλες γέφυρες· ξέρει ὅτι αὐτὴ ἡ γέφυρα δὲν μπορεῖ νὰ εἶναι ἄδεια, ὅτι ἄνθρωποι περπατοῦν, λεωφορεῖα τρέχουν, ὑπάρχει ζωή τριγύρω, κι ὅμως δὲν βλέπει καὶ δὲν ἀντιλαμβάνεται τίποτα, ἐπειδὴ ἔχει χωριστεῖ ἀπὸ τό σῶμα της. Μπορεῖ τώρα νὰ δεῖ μόνο ἐκεῖνα τὰ πράγματα, κι ἐκεῖνους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μὲ τοὺς ὁποίους συνδεόταν ἀγαπητικά, κι ἐπειδὴ δὲν εἶχε ἀγαπήσει παρά μόνο τὸν ἄνδρα της, εἶναι τυφλὴ σὲ ὁτιδήποτε ἄλλο γύρω της, ὑπάρχει μονάχα ἕνα κενό, τίποτα.

Καὶ μόνο ὅταν σταδιακὰ ἀποκτᾶ ἐπίγνωση, μέσα ἀπὸ τὴ μικρὴ ἀγάπη ποὺ εἶχε στὴ ζωή της καὶ μέσα ἀπὸ τὴ σχέση μὲ τὴ μοναδική της ἀγάπη, ὅσο μικρὴ κι ἄν ἦταν, τῆς σχέσης της μὲ ἄλλα πρόσωπα καὶ πράγματα ποὺ τῆς ἦταν ἀγαπητά, ἀρχίζει να βλέπει.

Αὐτός δὲν εἶναι κι ὁ τρόπος πού ζοῦμε; Ζοῦμε μέσα στὸ φῶς καὶ δὲν βλέπουμε τίποτα παρὰ σκιές ποὺ διαβαίνουν ἤ τὸ κενό· πόσες φορὲς ἕνας ἄνθρωπος περνᾶ ἀπὸ τὴ ζωή μας χωρὶς ν’ ἀφήσει κανένα ἴχνος; Περνᾶ ἀπαρατήρητος, παρόλο ποὺ ἔχει μιὰ ἀνάγκη, ἤ μιά ὀμορφιά ποὺ λάμπει· ἀλλὰ ἐπειδή δὲν εἶχε σχὲση μὲ μᾶς, ἡ καρδιά μας δεν βρῆκε κάτι γιὰ ν' ἀνταποκριθεῖ, κι ἐμεῖς εἴμαστε σὲ μιὰ ἐρημιά, ἀκόμα κι ὅταν μᾶς περιβάλλει πλοῦτος.

Αὐτὸ φαίνεται καὶ στὸν τρόπο ποὺ κοιτᾶμε, δὲν βλέπουμε τίποτα, γιατὶ μόνο ἡ ἀγάπη μᾶς ἀποκαλύπτει τὰ πράγματα· καὶ πάλι μποροῦμε νὰ βλέπουμε μ’ ἕνα σκοτεινὸ καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸ τρόπο· πόσο συχνὰ δίνουμε κακὴ ἑρμηνεία σ΄ αὐτὰ ποὺ βλέπουμε; Ἀντί νὰ τὰ δοῦμε ὅπωςεἶναι, τὰ ἐξετάζουμε μὲ γνώμονα τὴν σκοτεινὴ ψυχὴ μας καὶ τὴ διεστραμμένη ἐμπειρία μας. Πόσο συχνά παρερμηνεύουμε τὶς πράξεις καὶ τὰ λόγια τῶν ἀνθρώπων, γιατὶ τὰ βλέπουμε μὲ ματιὰ ποὺ εἶναι ἤδη σκοτεινή.

Ὅμως, τὰ λόγια τοῦ Κυρίου σήμερα μᾶς καλοῦν νὰ δείξουμε μιὰ στάση ἐξαιρετικὰ προσεκτική ὡς πρὸς τὸν τρόπο ποὺ κοιτάζουμε καὶ βλέπουμε. Πρέπει νὰ θυμόμαστε ὅτι ἄν δὲν βλέπουμε τίποτα αὐτὸ προέρχεται πολὺ συχνὰ ἀπὸ τὴν τυφλότητα μας, ἄν βλέπουμε κακό, αὐτό ὀφείλεται στὸ σκοτάδι μέσα μας, ἄν νοιώθουμε μιάν ἀποστροφή ἀπέναντι σὲ πράγματα, συμβαίνει συχνά λόγω τοῦ τρόπου πού ἑστιάζουμε τὴ ζωὴ μας γύρω ἀπὸ τὸν ἑαυτό μας καὶ δὲν μποροῦμε νὰ δοῦμε μὲ ἠρεμία, μὲ καθαρότητα καρδιᾶς. Γιατὶ τελικά, δὲν βλέπουμε μόνο μὲ τὰ μάτια μας ποὺ μεταφέρουν ἐντυπώσεις, βλέπουμε ἐπίσης καὶ μὲ τὴν καρδιὰ ποὺ μπορεῖ νὰ δεῖ τὸν Θεὸ μόνο ὅταν εἶναι καθαρή, κι ὄχι μόνο τὸν Θεὸ στὴν μυστηριακή Του ὕπαρξη, ἀλλά τὸν Θεό μέσα ἀπὸ τὴν χάρη καὶ τὴν ὀμορφιὰ καὶ τὴν εὐλογία. Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰσαάκ ὁ Σῦρος λέει ὅτι ὁ ἄνθρωπος ποὺ ἔχει καθαρὴ ματιὰ καὶ καθαρὴ καρδιὰ δὲν βλέπει πλέον τὸ σκοτάδι στὸν κόσμο, γιατὶ αὐτὸ τὸ σκοτάδι ἀντικαταστάθηκε ἀπὸ τὴν λάμψη τῆς θείας Χάριτος ποὺ ἐνεργεῖ καὶ ἀναπαύεται σ’ ὅλα τὰ πράγματα, ὅσο σκοτεινὰ κι ἄν φαίνονται.

Ἄς πάρουμε τουλάχιστον αὐτὸ τὸ μάθημα ἀπὸ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιο. Ἄς φροντίζουμε νὰ βλέπουμε μὲ καθαρότητα, νὰ ἑρμηνεύουμε μὲ καθαρότητα καρδιᾶς καὶ νὰ ἐνεργοῦμε μέ ἀγάπη μέσα μας, καὶ τότε θὰ εἴμαστε ἱκανοί νὰ διακρίνουμε ἐλεύθερα τὴν διαύγεια καί τὴν λαμπρότητα τοῦ κόσμου, καὶ νὰ τὴν ἀγαπήσουμε, νὰ τὴν ὑπηρετήσουμε, καὶ νὰ βρισκόμαστε στὸν τόπο ποὺ μᾶς παραχώρησε ὁ Κύριος, εὐλογώντας στό ὄνομα Του, πιστεύοντας, ἐλπίζοντας, δίχως ποτὲ νὰ σταματήσουμε ν’ ἀγαπᾶμε, ἀκόμα κι ὅταν ἀγάπη σημαίνει νὰ θυσιάζουμε τὴν ζωή μας, εἴτε τὴ ζωὴ τοῦ παλαιοῦ Ἀδὰμ ποὺ πρέπει νὰ πεθάνει γιὰ νὰ ζήσει ὁ νέος Ἀδάμ, ἤ διαφορετικὰ, τὴ ζωή τοῦ Νέου Ἀδάμ ποὺ δίνει τὴ ζωή του γιὰ νὰ μπορέσει ὁ κόσμος καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι νὰ ζήσουν. Ἀμήν.





Πρωτότυπο Κείμενο

THE LIGHT OF THE BODY IS THE EYE
Matthew 6, 22-33.

In the name of the Father, of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.

We meet the world, we take cognisance of the world through our senses; and through all our senses we are not only aware of the world, but we are also involved in it, all our senses put us into contact with the world of objects, with all things around us, but also immediately introduce into us sensations and impressions which change us at times very deeply.

Our sight, of which the Lord speaks today in His Gospel, is the only way in which we can take cognisance of the world with serenity, in complete repose of all the powers of our human being, but also on condition, as the Lord puts it, that our eye be single, that it should be light, that is should allow only light to enter into our awareness through it.

One of the modern English writers gives us two images which I believe will allow us to understand something of this passage of the Gospel; in a novel ‘All Hallows Eve’, Charles Williams presents us with a young woman who had died in an accident and whose soul is gradually finding her way in the new world in which she has entered.

She finds herself standing on the banks of the Thames; she looks at the waters, and of a sudden she sees these waters of the Thames as she had never seen them in the past, when her soul was endowed with a body; (then) she had a revulsion against these dark, greasy, dirty waters because her imagination immediately connected them with touch and direct impressions of the body.

But now, this soul is free from the body and she sees these waters of the Thames freely, as they are, as a fact; she sees that these waters are exactly what they should be, being the waters of a river that runs through a great city, collecting all the dirt of it and carrying it away. And because she has no longer the usual revulsion of the body and of the imagination, this soul, through the opacity of these waters, begins to see in them new and new depth; deeper that this superficial opacity she discovers a layer of purer water, a greater translucence, and beyond and deeper again — a layer of transparency; and at the core of these waters that run across the great city — and this city is also called one day to become t h e city of God, — she sees a stream of incredibly shining water, the water of eternal life, the primordial water created by God, the water of which Christ speaks to the Samaritan woman; because she was free from personal reaction and revulsion, the dead woman could see across the superficial darkness, the (increasing?) layers of light.

Because we are continuously entangled in our own self-centred reactions, we manage to see through layers of light somewhere a darkness which at times, we create or imagine; because our eye is dark we see darkness and we are incapable of seeing the depth, the translucence and the shining.
Another image that we find in the same book is perhaps even more tragic. This young woman finds herself standing on one of the great bridges; she knows that this bridge cannot be empty, that people are walking, buses are running, there is life around, and yet, she sees and perceives nothing of it, because disengaged from the body she can see now only those things and those people with which, with whom she is connected through love, and as she loves no one except her husband, she is blind to all things around her, there is only emptiness, nothing.

And it is only when she becomes increasingly aware, through the small love she had in her life, of love altogether and through connection — with this unique love, however small, with other people and other things that were dear that she begins to see.

Is it not the way in which we live? We are surrounded with light and we see nothing but passing shadows or emptiness; how often a human being passes through our life without leaving any trace, passes unnoticed, in spite of the fact that there was a need, or there was a shining beauty; but it was irrelevant to us, our heart had nothing with which it could respond, and we are in a wilderness even when we are surrounded with richness.

This again comes from the way in which we look, we look without love and we see nothing because only love can reveal things to us; and again, we are capable of seeing in a dark and evil way: how often we put evil interpretations on things which we see? Instead of seeing them as facts we see them as we understand them from within our darkened soul and our distorted experience. How often we misinterpret the actions and words of people because we see with an eye which is already darkened!

So, that Christ's words today call us to an extremely careful attitude; to the way in which we look and see; we must remember that if we see nothing, it comes very often from our blindness; if we see evil — it comes from the darkness within; if we have a revulsion against things, it is so often from the way in which we are centred on ourselves and cannot look with serenity, with a purity of heart. Because ultimately, we see not only with our physical eyes which convey to us impressions, we see also with a heart that can see God only when it is pure and not only God in His mysterious being, but God in His presence through grace and beauty, and (blessing). Saint Isaac the Syrian says that a man who has got a clear eye and a pure heart does no longer see the darkness in the world because this darkness is superseeded by the shining of the divine grace at work and resting on all things, however dark they may appear.

Let us learn this lesson at least from the Gospel. Let us be so careful to see with purity, to interpret with purity of heart and to act from within love, and then we shall be able to see with freedom the transparenc(ies) and the shining of the world and in the world, and love it, and serve it, and be in this world in the place which Christ assigned us, blessing in His own name, believing things, hoping all things and never ceasing to love even if love means laying down our life, either the life of the old Adam who must die so that the new Adam should live, or else the life of the New Adam who gives his life that the world and others may live. Amen.

Πηγή